Static and Dynamic Calibration of Phasor Measurement Units

The testing and calibration of phasor measurement units (PMUs) are key points for whether they will be effective in the power system. Therefore, providing valid test reference values with enough precision under both steady-state and dynamic conditions plays a crucial role. In this paper, based on the description of a PMU testing system including a PMU calibrator, general signal models for PMU static and dynamic tests are outlined. A phasor measurement algorithm suitable for the PMU calibrator based on a non-linear fitting method is proposed. In addition, the setting methods of the initial points and bound constraints of the parameters to be fitted are proposed to ensure the solution uniqueness of the non-linear fitting method. The effect of hardware system random uncertainty on measurement accuracy is analyzed, and the corresponding solutions are proposed to improve measurement accuracy. Then, high performance hardware is selected to build a PMU calibrator. To verify the measurement accuracy of the built PMU calibrator, experimental tests under static and dynamic conditions are carried out. The results show that the accuracy of the PMU calibrator can meet the calibration requirements and the built PMU calibrator can be used to test PMU in the laboratory.