Vibration Test of Single Coal Gangue Particle Directly Impacting the Metal Plate and the Study of Coal Gangue Recognition Based on Vibration Signal and Stacking Integration

In order to realize the recognition of coal gangue in the top coal caving process, a scheme of the coal gangue recognition based on the collision vibration signal between coal gangue and the metal plate is proposed in this paper, a systematic and standardized impacting test between coal gangue particles and the metal plate is designed for the first time, the vibration signal standardized processing method by the signal intercepting and the coal gangue impact vibration signal recognition algorithm by stacking integration are innovatively proposed. First, a single particle impact on the metal plate test-bed was designed and constructed. Then 1,000 groups coal and 1,000 groups gangue impact on the metal plate tests were carried out respectively, and the vibration acceleration signals of the metal plate were collected. After that, through the signal intercepting, calculating the time-domain characteristics and HHT processing of the vibration signal, 10 time-frequency characteristics, such as the variance of the intercepted signal and the Hilbert marginal spectrum energy value, are determined to form the feature vector. Finally, based on the two different type of the signal samples, the intercepted signal feature vector, and the original intercepted signal, coal gangue recognition by the seven machine learning algorithms, including the decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), XGBoost, long short-term memory (LSTM), support vector machine (SVM), factorization machine (FM), and stacking integration is carried out respectively, and the basis for selecting recognition schemes is discussed. The results show that the coal gangue recognition rate with the same recognition algorithm by using the intercepted signal samples is higher than that of the feature vector samples, the Staking integration algorithm based on the same sample has the highest recognition rate, and the Staking integration algorithm based on the feature vector has the most significant comprehensive advantage in top coal caving process.