A Novel FDTD Algorithm Based on the Vector and Scalar Potentials Equations

As the advance in nanotechnology, the length of electronic devices down to nano-scale structure. It is important to consider multi-scale phenomena ruled by the Maxwell's equation in the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation. This paper provides an alternate approach for solving the vector and scalar potentials (A and Φ) formulation of Maxwell's equations instead of the fields (E and H) which might suffer from low frequency breakdown problem. This new approach is more suitable for multi-scale problem since it is stable in the long wavelength regime which established the proposed method as a better algorithm in the electromagnetic simulation.