Velocity Profile Optimization of an Electric Vehicle with Battery Dynamic Model

Electric vehicles (EVs) depend solely on batteries, have limited range issue due to limited capacity of a battery. The range of an EV or discharging time of a battery can be extended by applying some sort of an optimization strategy to the system. In the recent past, eco-driving application compliant with an online requirement for an EV with battery's static model have been discussed. Eco-driving problem has been formulated as an optimal control problem with the aim to minimize vehicle consumption only. EVs need proper charging station during a trip when the battery gets discharged beyond a certain limit and also when that limit is reached, discharging process gets fast as well. Some indication to the driver may increase battery's life as well, which gets reduced by many factors including complete charging and discharging. This paper addresses an energy management problem for an EV with battery's dynamic model. The results have shown that energy consumption has reduced approximately 8% using constrained case. The focus of this work is not only to minimize the vehicle power consumption using velocity profile approach but also to analyze battery's state during a trip. Optimized vehicle's velocity profile with fixed final position and an optimal torque profile and a resultant constrained battery's state of charge (SOC) will give better understanding and analysis of the proposed work.