A 13-Channel 1.53-mW 11.28-mm2 Electrical Impedance Tomography SoC Based on Frequency Division Multiplexing for Lung Physiological Imaging

An electrical impedance tomography (EIT) system based on frequency division multiplexing (FDM) is proposed for real-time lung physiological imaging. The FDM technique allows the integration of 13 dedicated voltage sensing channels by combining data on-chip and sharing of ADC to alleviate area penalty caused by multi-channel. The EIT system-on-chip (SoC) is of the following features. 1) Early I/Q demodulation to relax the bandwidth requirement of analog front end and minimize the impact of motion artifacts and dc electrode offset. 2) Eliminates the need of adaptive gain control with constant inverted “U-shape” gain configuration to compensate amplitude variations across all channels. 3) FDM to combine 13 pairs of I/Q signals into two data streams for quantization using only two ΔΣ modulators. 4) Batch data recovery by Blackman window corrected fast Fourier transform without any digital filtering involved. 5) Lowest power consumption and smallest area occupation per channel reported to date. The EIT SoC occupies an area of 11.28 mm
²
in 130-nm CMOS technology with a total power consumption of 1.53 mW under 1-V power supply. As a result, it generates lung EIT images at up to five frames per second.