Real-Time Monitoring of Contact Impedance From Multiple Electrode–Scalp Interfaces During Cerebral Electrical Impedance Tomography

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a promising medical technique for monitoring brain injury through the reflection of electrical impedance changes in internal brain tissues. However, the contact impedances at the electrode-scalp interfaces can still notably affect the EIT accuracy. Hence, we propose a method for real-time monitoring the multi-channel contact impedances of cerebral EIT using a reference electrode attached close to the head vertex. This method allows to approximate inter-channel differences and changes over time of multi-channel contact impedances. The experimental results on 36 volunteers show that the maximum relative inter-channel difference obtained from 16 disposable surface electrodes reaches 18.7%, and the maximum relative change over time reaches 19.2%. The proposed method can assist clinicians in real-time monitoring of contact conditions from the multiple electrode-scalp interfaces during the clinical application of the cerebral EIT.