Security-Aware Scheduling for TTEthernet-Based Real-Time Automotive Systems

TTEthernet is a deterministic, congestion-free, and high-bandwidth communication protocol based on the Ethernet standard that provides a powerful network solution for developing safety-critical distributed real-time automotive systems. With the development of intelligence and networking of vehicles, such systems are becoming increasingly connected to external environments; thus, security has become a pressing issue in system design. However, TTEthernet-based architecture does not have direct support for secure communication. When deploying the security mechanisms on these architectures, a major challenge is to guarantee the schedulability of systems, given the tight resource constraints and strict timing constraints. In this paper, we apply an authentication mechanism based on the delayed exposure of one-way key chains to protect the authenticity of messages on TTEthernet and make a slight modification to reduce the authentication delay. On that basis, we propose a mixed integer linear programming formulation for solving the scheduling problem of the TTEthernet-based real-time automotive systems subject to both authentication mechanism constraints and other traditional design constraints. The extensive experiments are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.