Demand Response From the Control of Aggregated Inverter Air Conditioners

Inverter air conditioners (ACs) account for a large proportion of air conditioning loads in many countries and, thus, contribute significantly to the peak loads in these areas, especially in summer. On the other hand, as an important category of thermostatically controlled load with thermal energy storage capability, inverter ACs also have the potential to provide considerable flexibility for electric power systems that are faced with increasing challenges posed by high penetration of renewable power generation. This paper focuses on the demand response from the control of the aggregated inverter ACs for load reduction. A virtual energy storage system (VESS) model that encapsulates the room with an inverter AC was established based on the electric model of an inverter AC and the thermodynamic model of a room. Based on the VESS model, a virtual state of charge (VSOC) priority-based load reduction control method with temperature holding and linear recovery strategies was proposed. The VSOC priority based control was designed to decrease the negative impact of load reduction on customers' thermal comfort from the perspective of the whole AC population. The temperature holding strategy was designed to reduce the electric power of an AC while ensuring that the indoor temperature is always below the allowable limit. The linear recover strategy was proposed to reduce the load rebound after load reduction. Four cases were studied regarding the operation and load reduction of the 100 inverter ACs, and the simulation results verified the models established and the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed load reduction control method.