Solar Scintillation Effect for Optical Waves Propagating Through Gamma–Gamma Coronal Turbulence Channels

Optical communication is a promising strategy for deep space exploration but it is susceptible to coronal solar wind turbulence impairments during superior solar conjunction. The variance of amplitude fluctuations caused by coronal turbulence on optical waves propagation is proposed in this paper. Both the generalized non-Kolmogorov coronal turbulence spectrum and the aperture averaging effect are taken into account. The analytic expression of the bit error rate (BER) for free-space optical (FSO) link is then derived based on Gamma–Gamma distribution model under the weak-to-moderate coronal turbulence channels. Numerical evaluations results demonstrate that coronal turbulence with small non-Kolmogorov spectral index, large outer scale, and inner scale has more potential to deduce amplitude fluctuations. With the increment of antenna radius, the amplitude fluctuations decrease obviously. In addition, the variation tendencies of these parameters can further result in small BER. Therefore, the link performance will be improved by decreasing the optical wavelength and enlarging the antenna radius. Our proposed amplitude fluctuations model with aperture averaging effect has potential application for the future deep space FSO communication.