Design and Development of an Inexpensive Sub-Nanosecond Gaussian Pulse Transmitter

A design of a hybrid Gaussian pulse transmitter using a transistor-based pulse generator and two pulse-shaping networks, a shorted stub delay circuit and a 90° hybrid coupler, is presented. A transistor-based pulse generator drives the pulse-forming network to achieve a sub-nanosecond pulsewidth. The shorted stub delay line was modified to optimize the frequency response and phase linearity. The transistor-based pulse generator is an inexpensive way of producing a square pulse of sharp rise time; this design achieved 280-ps rise time. A Schottky diode was used to eliminate the negative part of the output pulse as well as to reduce the ringing. Multiple simulations and measurements were performed to study the circuit behavior. The measurement results demonstrated a pulsewidth as sharp as 153 ps with 0.83-V amplitude and a low ringing on the order of 10%. The Gaussian monopulse was obtained by feeding the Gaussian pulse to a broadband 90° hybrid, which acts as a differentiator in the time domain. The pulse has a width on the order of 100 ps. The transmitter circuit was completed by connecting the monopulse circuit with an antenna. The measured radiated pulse in the far field of the transmitter is a second derivative Gaussian pulse with 85 ps of pulsewidth.