Continuation Power Flow Model for Interconnected Systems Considering the Electricity Market Influence and Its Corresponding Distributed Algorithm

The existing continuation power flow (CPF) methods, which mainly focus on regional independent systems, are not suitable for multi-area interconnected bulk systems in the electricity market environment. These existing CPF models cannot simulate the control behaviors of active/reactive power exchange among subsystems, and the corresponding CPF algorithms cannot satisfy the requirements of data sharing. This study presents a novel CPF model and its corresponding distributed algorithm for interconnected systems in which the influence of the electricity market is considered. This CPF method has the following unique features: 1) Regarding the bilateral power trading contracts (BPTCs) among regional subsystems, the nonlinear constraint equations of the directional trading active power via the interface are derived, and a multi-balancing machine strategy is introduced for realizing the active power balance of each subsystem. 2) Based on the simulation of the constant-voltage control behavior of the pilot buses in the regional automatic voltage control (AVC) system, the constant-voltage control behavior of the boundary buses of the tie-lines is further simulated to realize the reactive power balance among the regional subsystems. 3) According to the characteristics of the proposed CPF model, a novel distributed CPF algorithm based on block matrix computations is presented for realizing the decomposition and coordination calculation of multiple regional subsystems. This distributed algorithm preserves the precision and convergence of integrated CPF algorithms and has an advantage in terms of the calculation speed. The performance of the proposed CPF model and distributed algorithm is demonstrated via case studies and comparative analyses.