An Energy-Efficient Topology Control Algorithm for Earth Building Monitoring Using Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

An earth building is still popular in the villages of China, which should be carefully monitored in the wet and rainy area using new information technology, e.g., sensor networks. However, how to design an energy-efficient and robust scheme in the heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (HWSN) is a critical issue, since the network should be long-time available and node failure may lead to data delivery unreliable and network collapse. In this paper, an energy-efficient topology control (EETC) algorithm is proposed for energy saving and load balancing of the network. In EETC, cluster heads are selected by the geometric method and well-distributed in the monitor area, while the non-cluster head members in each cluster are adjusted by Minimal Cost Maximal Flow (MCMF) so as to permit each cluster has the similar number of the cluster member. Furthermore, we design topology maintenance with partial adjustment using Breadth First Search (BFS) and shortest-path routing protocol in order to prolong the network lifetime. The simulation result shows that EETC is not only reliable to forward the data for HWSN but also has a longer lifetime than LEACH, EDFCM, EDCS, SPEZ and CREEP.