Human Body Scattering Modeling and Measurement for Millimeter-Wave and 5G Bands

In this paper we address the electromagnetic (EM) wave scattering from human body in millimeter-wave (MMW) band and 5G networks, where human body can be considered as an electrically large object. The complicated geometry of human body is accurately modeled using non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) surfaces as a thin dielectric slab with permittivity of human skin. Physical optics (PO) approximation is used to formulate the scattering problem. To solve highly oscillatory PO integrals, triangular boundary-rectangular mesh (TBRM) algorithm is exploited. This algorithm provides frequency-independent solution for PO integrals and allows frequency-independent meshing of the human body surface. Then, for a practical scenario, results of the proposed method are verified by measurement and the effect of the human body presence in an indoor channel at 60 GHz is discussed.