Multiband Three-Layer GNSS Microstrip Antenna

There are various receiving antennas of satellite radio navigation systems. As a rule, the qualitative polarization characteristics (axial ratio) are achieved by efficiency degradation or frequency ranges decreasing. In this article, a circular polarization GNSS antenna, which have no disadvantages described above are presented. By using a new planar feeding network and a three layer design of patch elements, it is possible to provide a symmetrical radiation pattern with high axial ratio and efficiency in various GNSS frequency bands L1/L2/L5/G1/G2/G3/E1/E2/E5ab//B1/B2 et al. Moreover, in the proposed antenna the capacitive caps were used to feed microstrip patch. It allowed getting good reflection coefficient in the extended frequency range $(\sim 10$% for one patch element) and receiving of all GNSS signals by just two resonant elements. In the article, the breadboarding was carried out and the experimental results of electrodynamic characteristics were obtained. Perspective application of the proposed antenna design is demonstrated using these characteristics. It should be noted that the proposed antenna has low weight and low manufacturing cost due to the use of microstrip technology.