Energy Efficient Full Duplex Massive MIMO Multi-carrier Bidirectional Communication with Hardware Impairments

In this paper, we address the power allocation problem for a bi-directional communication system, where a full duplex (FD) massive multiple-input-multiple-output (mMIMO) multi-carrier (MC) node communicates with multiple FD MC single antenna nodes. We consider orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) as our MC strategy. The impact of hardware distortions resulting in residual self-interference and inter-carrier leakage (ICL), and also imperfect channel state information (CSI) are jointly taken into account. We formulate a joint sub-carrier and power allocation problem to maximize the spectral efficiency (sum rate maximization) and an iterative optimization method is proposed, which follows successive inner approximation (SIA) framework to reach the convergence point that satisfies the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions. Then, we extend it to an energy efficiency (EE) maximization problem which is solved using a two stage iterative algorithm which follows the SIA and Dinkelbach algorithm. Numerical results show the significance of distortion aware design for such systems and also the significant gain in terms of sum rate and energy efficiency compared to its half duplex (HD) counterpart.