Low-Profile Penta-Band Automotive Patch Antenna Using Horizontal Stacking and Corner Feeding

Connected cars with a multitude of frequency bands to be covered for the 4G and 5G mobile communication standards would benefit immensely from the low-profile and compact multi-band antenna designs. This paper considers the simulation, design, and measurement aspects for an innovative penta-band patch antenna that operates in the LTE-1800 uplink (1.71-1.78 GHz), LTE-1800 downlink (1.805-1.875 GHz), UMTS uplink (1.92-1.998 GHz), UMTS downlink (2.11-2.17 GHz), and LTE-2600 (2.5-2.69 GHz) frequency bands encompassing a total bandwidth of approximately 468 MHz, 261 MHz of which was covered with |S
₁₁
| <; -10 dB and the remaining with |S
₁₁
|
²
<; -6 dB in the measurement. We achieved the multi-band behavior by simultaneous exploitation of the principles of horizontal stacking and corner feeding of the microstrip patch antennas. The maximum value of the measured realized gain, i.e., 5 dBi, was obtained for the LTE-2600 band, while its minimum value, i.e., -1.7 dBi, was obtained for the LTE-1800 downlink band. The measured realized gain was between 2 and 3 dBi at all other frequencies. A thickness of just 1.7 mm makes the antenna very low-profile, which, in addition to its compact dimensions (175 mm × 47 mm), makes it suitable for embedding/mounting in many promising locations around a car, such as in rooftop cavities, or in exterior plastic paneling.