Development of a Single-Site Device for Conjoined Glucose Sensing and Insulin Delivery in Type-1 Diabetes Patients

Objective: Diabetes patients are increasingly using a continuous glucose sensor to monitor blood glucose and an insulin pump connected to an infusion cannula to administer insulin. Applying these devices requires two separate insertion sites, one for the sensor and one for the cannula. Integrating sensor with cannula to perform glucose sensing and insulin infusion through a single insertion site would significantly simplify and improve diabetes treatment by reducing the overall system size and the number of necessary needle pricks. Presently, several research groups are pursuing the development of combined glucose sensing and insulin infusion devices, termed single-port devices, by integrating sensing and infusion technologies created from scratch. Methods: Instead of creating the device from scratch, we utilized already existing technologies and introduced three design concepts of integrating commercial glucose sensors and infusion cannulas. We prototyped and evaluated each concept according to design simplicity, ease of insertion, and sensing accuracy. Results: We found that the best single-port device is the one in which a Dexcom sensor is housed inside a Medtronic cannula so that its glucose sensitive part protrudes from the cannula tip. The low degree of component modification required to arrive at this configuration allowed us to test the efficiency and safety of the device in humans. Conclusion: Results from these studies indicate the feasibility of combining commercial glucose sensing and insulin delivery technologies to realize a functional single-port device. Significance: Our development approach may be generally useful to provide patients with innovative medical devices faster and at reduced costs.