Single-Layer Fixed-Frequency Beam-Scanning Goubau-Line Antenna Using Switched PIN Diodes

In this letter, a single-layer electronically steerable leaky-wave antenna based on the Goubau line is presented. The modulation units consist of metalines connected by periodically loaded switchable p-i-n diodes and its biasing circuit. These p-i-n diodes are used as switches to dynamically control the modulation periodicity, and the antenna featuring low profile can, therefore, provide tunable beam-scanning angles at a fixed frequency. Measured antenna prototype demonstrates beam-steering capability of 74° at 4.35 GHz.