Backward/Forward Method for Three-phase Power Flow Calculation in Low Voltage Distribution Networks with EV Charging Points

The paper presents comprehensive review on power flow methods, and proposed a robust and fast power flow calculation approach for low voltage three-phase balanced/unbalanced distribution networks considering the Electric Vehicles (EVs) charging points. The proposed approach adopts the Kirchhoff's current law (KCL) and Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL) to determine the branch currents and node voltages. For fast calculations, a backward/forward sweep approach is adopted to update the bus voltages in each iteration. The individual mathematical modelling of distribution system components are presented. To validate the method, simulation results obtained are compared with existing methods. Further, voltage and loss sensitivities are used to determine the potential charging points and their sizes by considering percentage unbalancing of the system.