Adopting Circuit Breakers for High-Voltage dc Networks: Appropriating the Vast Advantages of dc Transmission Grids

Since the late 19th century, ac power transmiss ion systems have been widely used for interconnecting multiple power-producing plants with load centers. Highly meshed ac transmission grids with high redundancy and operating flexibility now operate worldwide. These complex ac systems have proven reliable in securely providing high levels of power, while also accommodating multiple voltage levels to reduce loss.