Transmission of 24-Gb/s PAM-4 Over 150-km SSMF using a Driverless Silicon Microring Modulator

A 24-Gb/s PAM-4 signal is generated using a driverless silicon microring modulator, bit error rate of 3.8e-4 is achieved after transmission over 150km SSMF, proving that the low cost and low power consumption silicon microring modulators may be candidate in high-capacity modules with advanced modulation.