DURE: An Energy- and Resource-Efficient TCAM Architecture for FPGAs With Dynamic Updates

Ternary content-addressable memory (TCAM) designed using static random-access memory (SRAM)-based field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) offers a promising lookup performance. However, the update process in a TCAM table poses significant challenges for efficiently employing SRAM-based TCAM. SRAM-based TCAM for FPGAs is designed using block RAM or distributed RAM resources in FPGAs. Such designs suspend search operations during an already high-latency update operation, rendering them infeasible in applications that require high-frequency updates. This paper presents a dynamically updatable energy- and resource-efficient TCAM design (DURE) based on FPGAs. DURE exploits the distributed RAM resources in FPGAs. More specifically, the lookup table RAMs (LUTRAMs) available in SLICEM resources are configured as quad-port RAM, which constitutes the basic memory (BM) block in the implementation of DURE. The contents of the TCAM table are divided into chunks of equal size and mapped onto the LUTRAMs of the proposed BM blocks. DURE implements dynamic updates by reconfiguring the LUTRAMs of only those BM blocks that are associated with the word being updated, thereby allowing search and update operations to be performed simultaneously. This achieves a lookup rate of 335 million lookups per second, with an update rate of 5.15 million updates per second on a 512 × 36 size TCAM on a Virtex-6 FPGA. Compared with the existing SRAM-based TCAMs, DURE has a smaller single-cycle search latency and achieves at least 2.5 times more energy efficiency and a 67% higher performance per area.