Risk Constrained Energy Consumption Control for Commercial Buildings

Commercial buildings with heavy load treated as microgrids (μGs), may contribute meaningfully in demand response (DR) and network stability. Therefore, a strategy for optimal energy consumption and bidirectional power trade between the building and utility grid, is required for this class of customers. However, such control functions under uncertainties such as unpredictable solar irradiance and unplanned electric and natural gas network outages. These uncertainties adversely affect the performance (cost, emission and deviations) and resilience (capability to recover from disturbances). The objective of this paper is to develop a linear bi-level risk averse macro energy hub (MEH) control for a cluster of large commercial building μGs, to minimize network load deviation, while satisfying building owner specified total μG energy cost and the GHG emission constraints. To attain risk aversion, conditional value at risk (CVaR) is added in the objective function. Analysis shows that inclusion of CVaR increases the energy retaining capability of electric storages. Stored energy acts as a reserve during carrier outages and μG islanding to provide better quality service with improved performance. Results show that under risk averse mode, an improvement of 21.03% and 24.10% in charge retaining capability is witnessed for electric vehicle and stationary battery, respectively.