Classifications and Functions of Vitreoretinal Surgery Assisted Robots-A Review of the State of the Art

To overcome the surgeon's manual operation limitations in vitreoretinal microsurgery, many kinds of robots are developed to enhance the operation accuracy, including Master-Slave Teleoperation Robot (MSTR), Hand-Held Robot (HHR), Cooperative Robot (CR) and Micro Robot (MR). With the introduction of vitreoretinal surgical assisted robots (VRSARs), the surgeon's operation skills can be improved through various functions of the robots, such as depth information perception, improvement of the surgical precision, and micro-force perception and feedback. After description and classification of the latest research progress of VRSARs, the current problems of each type of VRSARs were discussed and future works summarized for further research.