Dynamic Modeling, Stability, and Control of Power Systems With Distributed Energy Resources: Handling Faults Using Two Control Methods in Tandem

This article presents an end-to-end differential algebraic model of a power system in its entirety, including synchronous generators, wind farms, solar farms, energy storage, power electronics converters, and controllers for each device. Distributed energy resources (DERs) and power electronics devices are shown to affect small signal stability and the dynamic performance of the grid. The article then presents a two-layer control architecture for future grids, where one layer consists of decentralized plug-and-play controllers for power electronics converter control of DERs, and another layer is composed of system-wide distributed controllers actuated through the generators.