A Novel High Transduction Efficiency Micro Shell Resonator Gyroscope With 16 T-Shape Masses Using Out-of-Plane Electrodes

A novel micro shell resonator gyroscope (MSRG) with 16 T-shape masses using out-of-plane electrodes is proposed in this paper. The T-shape masses are designed for high transduction efficiency. Out-of-plane electrodes are used to drive and detect the spatial deformation of the resonator. The finite element method (FEM) is applied to evaluate the influence of the T-shape mass on transduction efficiency. Compared with the MSRG without the T-shape masses, the FEM results reveal that the MSRG with T-shape masses has shown an increase of 42% on effective mass (M
_eff
) and a decrease of 8% on f
_n=2
. For the MSRG without T-shape mass, spherical-cylindrical, spherical, and out-of-plane electrodes have been applied to drive and sense n=2 wineglass modes. Compared with the MSRG without T-shape using out-of-plane electrodes, the MSRG with T-shape masses has showed the improvement of 334%, 522%, and 598% on driving efficiency (S
_d
), detection efficiency (S
_s
), and mechanical sensitivity (S
_mech
) due to large M
_eff
and electrode area. In addition, the improvement of 15% in the thermal noise of a gyroscope (ARW
_mech
) is dominated by a large effective mass, contributing to the improvement of signal-to-noise ratio. The process of micro blow torching with the whirling platform and femtosecond ablation is presented to fabricate the MSRG with T-shape masses. The performance of MSRG is demonstrated experimentally with out-of-plane capacitive transduction. The MSRG is operated in the force-rebalance mode, which demonstrates a scale factor of 0.107V/(°/s), an angle random walk of 0.099°/h
^1/2
, and a bias instability of 0.46°/h, showing a great potential for high-performance gyroscopic application.