Smart Antenna for Wireless Cellular Communication-A Technological Analysis on Architecture, Working Mechanism, Drawbacks and Future Scope

Smart or Intelligent Antenna technology is one of the most fast growing areas in wireless engineering. Smart Antenna systems are one of the most efficient technologies in terms of quality of signals in wireless communication systems with effective Direction of Arrival (DOA) and beam forming techniques. The smart Antenna system utilizes the available frequency spectrum efficiently while minimizing the cost of implementation of new cellular wireless networks. In this paper the working procedure, evolution as well as how the smart antenna technology is different from other antenna formats have been explained. The smart antenna technology because of its numerous advantages related to increased coverage area, good signal strength, limited battery usage etc are making it applicable to future to Cognitive Radio systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems, Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems and MIMO-OFDM systems as well.