Towards the void hole alleviation for energy efficiency in WSN

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are facing different challenges in the routing procedure. Cost efficiency, low energy consumption and reliable data communication between nodes are the major challenges in the field of WSNs. During the transmission process of nodes, energy is also lost due to void holes. In the WSNs, location error and battery consumption are inevitable, while the loss of data packets and the maximum usage of energy degrade the performance of the network, significantly. Different energy conservation methods are used in different routing protocols. In this paper, two routing protocols are proposed for maximum stability of the network by avoiding void holes. Furthermore, the proposed protocols are compared with the state-of-art protocols to show their productiveness. A major part of the energy is consumed due to the creation of void holes and imbalance network deployment. In this work, the concept of location error is also introduced for improving the efficiency of our work. Simulations are performed in order to check the effectiveness of our proposed schemes and results show that our proposed routing schemes outperform the comparing ones.