Comparative Study of TSM Scattering Characteristics Based on Improved Wen’s Spectrum and Semi-Empirical Models

Combining the contrast characteristics of Wen’s directional spectrum and Donelan’s distribution function, this paper proposed a simulation model of 2-D random rough sea surface based on improved Wen’s spectrum and Monte Carlo method, and analyzes distribution characteristics of the 2-D random rough sea surface under the condition of 320° wind direction, different wind speeds, and fetch. On the basis of the classical two-scale method for calculating the electromagnetic scattering of the sea surface, this paper attempts to compare the electromagnetic scattering results of the above simulated 2-D random rough sea surface with the backscattering simulation data of four typical semi-empirical sea clutter models, such as Technology Service Corporation, the Georgia Institutes of Technology, the Hybrid Sea Clutter Model, and the Naval Research Laboratory for the first time. Then, the electromagnetic scattering characteristics of 2-D random rough sea surface with improved Wen’s spectrum in HH and VV polarization modes under different sea conditions, grazing angle, and incident frequency are studied. Finally, this paper analyzes the fitting characteristics between the above model and improved Wen’s spectrum from the perspective of inversion of the wave spectrum by combining the spectral characteristics of the simulated wave spectrum and summarizes the respective adaptive ranges of different models.