Evaluation of Hamamatsu PET Imaging Modules for Dedicated TOF-Capable Scanners

Time-of-flight (TOF) capability is becoming an important capability offered in both commercial and research PET scanners. Often commercial vendors and laboratory researchers develop and utilize proprietary electronics for their devices. Consequently, it is challenging for independent research groups to develop their own TOF-PET scanners. In this investigation, we tested a prototype scanner consisting of commercially available TOF-capable modules from Hamamatsu photonics that can be used as building blocks for PET scanners. The scanner consists of a ring of 16 modules, for a total diameter of 26.7 cm. Testing demonstrated that the scanner is capable of sustaining ~1 MHz single counting rate with a peak noise equivalent count rate of 117.5 kHz at 75.25 MBq measured with NEMA NU4 “rat” phantom. Spatial resolution of 2.3-5 mm from the center of the scanner was measured. Energy resolution of 17.2% at 511 keV was measured. Peak sensitivity of 1.28% is reported. All the measurements were performed with energy cuts from 350 to 700 keV. Finally, scanner timing resolution was found to be 462 ps. Results from testing of a prototype scanner constructed using newly released TOF-capable detector modules produced by Hamamatsu demonstrated the promise for these devices to create high performance PET system with TOF capabilities.