Dynamic Background Subtraction Using Histograms Based on Fuzzy C-Means Clustering and Fuzzy Nearness Degree

Background subtraction has been widely used in the detection of a moving object from a still scene. Due to the uncertainty in the classification of the pixels in the foreground and background, we propose a novel fuzzy approach for background subtraction using fuzzy histograms based on fuzzy c-means clustering and the fuzzy nearness degree, called FCFN. In this method, the temporal characteristics of the pixels are described by a fuzzy histogram using the fuzzy c-means algorithm. The segmentation threshold is adaptively calculated according to the distribution of the fuzzy nearness degree of the individual pixel. Fuzzy adaptive background maintenance is adopted in the background update framework. The performance of the FCFN is evaluated against several state-of-the-art methods in the complex dynamic scenes. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method doubles the improvements in performance than the classic fuzzy background modeling methods and outperforms most state-of-the-art methods.