Acute Phase Protein C-Reactive Protein as Early Detection of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a series of disease process that originated from tissue damage, mainly in the pancreas where is characterized by the appearance of acute phase proteins. The acute phase response is a specific and complex reaction of an organism that occurs shortly after tissue injury. In mammals, one of the dominant concentrations of acute phase proteins is C-reactive protein. Acute phase proteins are ideal biomarkers for early identification of inflammation or injury, and to monitor the outcome of the disease process. The aim of this study was to find correlation between C-reactive protein and blood glucose enhancement in order to be used as biomarker in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Rats used were 20 male Wistar rats were divided into two groups, each group of 10 rats as treatment group (I) and control group (II). Group I was administered single dose of streptozotocin 40 mg / kg body weight dissolved in a 0.1 M sodium citrate pH 4.5 after 24 hours fasting. The rat were drawn the blood sample at the 0th, 6th, 12th, 24th, 36th, 48th, 60th, 72th, 84th and 96th hour post of diabetic induction for measuring the blood glucose levels. The two highest blood glucose levels rats every hour above were taken it's blood about 0.5 ml as sample for C-reactive protein measurement. The results showed that the average blood sugar level of rat was increased sharply by 348,3±33,2 mg/dL at the 24th hour until the end of the study 503,1±90,8 mg/dL. This is consistent with the average C-reactive protein levels which are increased at 24 hours about 53,50±0,28 mg/dL and increased significantly until 145,10±0,42 mg/dL at 72 hours. The correlation analysis between CRP and blood glucose levels did not have a significant relationship (P> 0.025). However, the direction of the relationship is positive and strong enough that is 0.4 or 40%. The results of this study show that the acute phase protein of C-reactive protein can be used as a marker in diabetic-induced rat but it will not be spesific.