Ray-tracing Simulation and Analysis for Air-to-ground Channel in Railway Environment

Wave propagation in the air-to-ground (A2G) channel is a new trend in wireless communication research. In this paper, we focus on the wireless channel characteristics in an A2G channel at 1.4 GHz, with a transmitter operating at an altitude of 20 km or 100 km to provide wireless connectivity to the users on the train. We reconstruct the three-dimensional (3D) model of an A2G scenario and realize extensive ray-tracing simulations. Based on the simulation results, we model the path loss and shadow fading, which forms the fundamental of effective link budget for the A2G channel in a realistic railway environment.