Energy consumption of electric city buses : Determination as a part of a technological and economic evaluation of bus lines with regards to their electrifiability

This paper presents an approach for determining the energy requirements of a specific electric city bus used in regular scheduled service. The focus is on an exact reproduction of the qualitative progression of the required power over time on given bus routes combined with a fast executability of calculation. The underlying is model calculates vehicles energy demand on any route, which has a speed-time profile and environmental parameters, e.g. ambient temperature, available. It is significantly faster and more flexible than pure physical simulations or test drives. In addition, it is more accurate than static empirical values from practice and literature.