Design, Modeling and Simulation for Stand-Alone Electric Vehicle Parking Lots Fed by Photovoltaic Systems

This paper presents a comprehensive design procedure for the supply side of a stand-alone photovoltaic-based electric vehicle parking lot. For this isolated system, a photovoltaic (PV) array installed at the parking roof is in charge for power supply. Also, a battery bank as a storage system is dedicated to ensure the service continuity. A step down DC/DC converter is providing the required voltage to harvest the maximum available power of the PV array. This converter is fed by the main system DC bus. Another bidirectional DC/DC converter is responsible to maintain the suitable voltage profile at the DC bus, in addition to the battery charging. The last stage of the supply is a voltage source converter (VSC) that is fed by the main DC Bus. All three converters are designed and modelled. Further, the appropriate controller for each converter is suggested. Considering the importance of the VSC output filter, an efficient algorithm for filter design is proposed that offers better trade-off between filtering and damping. Also, a controller is suggested for bidirectional buck-boost converter that guarantees its stable operation for sudden change of PV supply and load, for the whole operating region. The effectiveness of the proposed design procedure is validated through time-domain simulations.