Design of the cross-dipole antenna with near-hemispherical coverage in finite-element phased array by using genetic algorithms

A cross-dipole antenna surrounded by four pins is used as a radiating element for a finite-element phased array. To achieve near-hemispherical radiation coverage and high gain under the consideration of mutual coupling effects, a method using genetic algorithms to optimize the design parameters of a cross-dipole antenna is presented. A method of moment code performs the task of evaluating each of the antenna designs generated by the genetic algorithm (GA) during the optimization process. To illustrate the capabilities of this approach, the numerical results are compared to the measured ones, showing excellent agreement in the comparison.