Finite-Difference Time-Domain Modeling for Electromagnetic Wave Analysis of Human Voxel Model at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies

The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) modeling of a human voxel model at millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies is presented. It is very important to develop the proper geometrical and electrical modeling of a human voxel model suitable for accurate electromagnetic (EM) analysis. Although there are many human phantom models available, their voxel resolution is too poor to use for the FDTD study of EM wave interaction with human tissues. In this paper, we develop a proper human voxel model suitable for mmWave FDTD analysis using the voxel resolution enhancement technique and the image smoothing technique. The former can improve the resolution of the human voxel model and the latter can alleviate staircasing boundaries of the human voxel model. Quadratic complex rational function is employed for the electrical modeling of human tissues in the frequency range of 6–100 GHz. Massage passing interface-based parallel processing is also applied to dramatically speed up FDTD calculations. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the validity of the mmWave FDTD simulator developed here for bio electromagnetics studies.