Finite Element Adjustment of the Rectangular Waveguide‐latched Differential Phase‐shifter

This chapter describes the propagation in rectangular waveguides containing one or two transversely magnetized ferrite slabs or sheets. The cross‐sections of some typical rectangular waveguide ferrite geometries met in practice are illustrated. Practical latching ferrite phase‐shifters rely on the existence of planes of circular polarization at any plane between two different dielectric media. Microwave ferrite phase‐shifters rely for their operation on the relationship between a direct magnetic field and the insertion phase of a suitably magnetized ferrite‐loaded transmission line. The direct magnetic field can be established using either an external electromagnet or it can be switched by current pulses through a magnetizing wire between two remanent states of the major or indeed of a minor hysteresis loop of a closed magnetic circuit. The magnetization of ferrite materials depends on temperature and, indeed, vanishes at the so‐called Curie temperature.