Management of Biodiversity Conservation Based on Genetic Diversity in Ecological and Agricultural Restoration

In the past decades, human activities and extreme climate change by global warming have caused severe declines in wild populations of endemic taxa in island habitats. For example, the common wild rice, Oryza rufipogon, is wild extinction in Taiwan Island. In the glacial and post glacial period, climate change and sea level change effect the distribution of plants and animals, the different species showed variant patterns of phytogeography in the postglacial East and South Asia. Taiwan Island located at the middle of West-Pacific archipelago which have more than 20% plants are endemic species. Moreover, the high ratio of endemic species in Taiwan are evaluated as threatened species or wild extinction in the past decades because of the extreme climate change by global warming which including Cycas taitungensis, Amentotaxus formosana, Keteleeria davidiana var. formosana, Oryza rufipogon, etc. In here, we used different case studies to discuss the phytogeographic patterns of different species affected by glacial and human activities. The loss of genetic diversity bring the risk of serious evolutionary consequences, both from recent adaptations on oceanic islands and from longer-term interactions with other organisms. In this study, we used the population genetics based on molecular markers to evaluate the genetic diversity, population differentiation and species divergence. The analysis of multilocus genome-wide markers was conducted with several specific goals: (1) to evaluate the population genetic variation of the remaining wild populations, (2) to evaluate the spatial grouping and genetic hotspots of the populations based on the assignment test, (3) to identify distinct genetic units for in situ and ex situ conservation management in ecological restoration.