Angular spread characteristics in high-speed railway scenarios in millimeter-wave band

In this paper, three typical high-speed railway (HSR) scenario modules are selected to study the characteristics of millimeter-wave (mmWave) radio communication channel. Ray tracing (RT) is applied here to conduct simulations for HSR communication environments. Based on the simulation results, the birth-death process of multi-path components (MPCs) and the corresponding angular spread (AS) are analyzed, which are caused by the movement of the receiver (Rx). In addition, the standard deviations of azimuth spread of arrival (ASA) and azimuth spread of departure (ASD) are calculated, which can be employed to determine the ray azimuth/elevation angle of arrival (AoA/EoA) in stochastic channel modeling. The analysis of MPCs and AS can provide ideas for the setting of HSR scenario layout, the selection of antennas and the design of multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) system, filling the vacancy of wireless channel measurement data in the mmWave band in typical HSR scenarios.