Miniaturized switchless pattern reconfigurable antenna utilizing spherical modes analysis

The paper proposes an electrically small pattern reconfigurable antenna, which allows flexible beamforming with the antenna diameter being λ/5. The antenna has 3 ports, each designed to radiate a different spherical mode. By applying appropriate phase shift the antenna allows to flexibly sweep its bi-directional radiation pattern across a 360° azimuth, while offering 5 dBi directivity.