Scalable Deposition of Polycrystalline Perovskite Thin Films towards High-Efficiency and Large-Area Perovskite Photovoltaics

We report scalable deposition of perovskite thin film by blade coating and slot-die coating towards large-area perovskite solar cell and module development. We find that extending perovskite ink processing window is critical to transitioning from laboratory-scale spin coating to scalable deposition. Using blade coated perovskite thin films, we demonstrate perovskite mini-modules with efficiency near 16%. Using slot-die coating, we show uniform deposition of perovskite thin films on substrate with area larger than 200 cm
²
. Using slot-die coated perovskite thin films, we obtain perovskite solar cells with efficiency higher than 14%. Further optimization of coating conditions is expected to improve device performance comparable to those prepared by spin coating for small area devices.