An expert system for the back-up protection of a transmission network

A back-up protection scheme for a transmission network is described in the paper. The back-up protection uses an action factor-based expert decision system (referred to as the BPES) to provide optimal fault clearance for faults located anywhere on the protected network. To achieve an optimal response, the BPES needs to know the topology of the network and the operating response of existing protection relays. Based on this information, the expert decision system will try to identify the feeder that contains the fault and which circuit breakers need to be tripped to clear the fault.