Educational use of EMTP MODELS for the study of a distance relaying algorithm for protecting transmission lines

This paper presents the implementation of a distance relaying algorithm using EMTP MODELS, in which we have simplified the procedures of system modeling and distance relaying system by using a single structure of MODELS. The technique presented is based on integrating the modeling of the power system and the protective system in one program module. The purpose of this paper is to provide systematic relaying concepts by modeling a digital relaying system using MODELS functions within EMTP in a closed-loop manner, principally to facilitate and enhance an understanding of the basic concepts of distance relaying of final year undergraduate students/postgraduate students/young engineers who are new to the subject of power system protective relaying. Various elements of digital distance relaying are organized to generate a systematic approach to modeling the actual hardware of digital relaying systems. Case studies relating to the most commonly encountered single phase-to-ground fault and phase-to-phase fault are presented and various fault distances and fault inception angles are considered.