Microwave-Based SAR Technique for Pipeline Inspection Using Autofocus Range-Doppler Algorithm

In non-destructive testing and evaluation, the microwave-based synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging have shown great potential in the detection of defects on buried objects such as pipes. However, due to the pipe curvature and high stand-off distance when inspecting an insulated pipe, the useful defect information used to characterize the pipe image is lost as a result of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), resulting in a blurred and unfocused image. In this paper, we proposed a robust microwave-based SAR imaging using autofocus range-Doppler algorithm (RDA) for the inspection of an insulated pipe. Singular value decomposition is used to mitigate the effect of the insulation layer by removing dominant singular values that characterize the insulation layer, and the autofocus RDA is designed to refocus the SAR image using RDA residual refocusing. The SNR, improvement factor (IF), and squared error are used to evaluate the qualitative image information of the defect on the pipe. Experimental results showed the efficacy of the method in detecting defects on an insulated pipe, in particular, a significant reduction in the noise content of the image compared to the known SAR Omega-k algorithm. It was found that the autofocus RDA gave higher values of SNR and IF (3 dB and 6 dB) compared to the Omega-k algorithm (-1 dB and 2 dB), respectively.