Ultra-Compact Tunable Filtering Rat-Race Coupler Based on Half-Mode SIW Evanescent-Mode Cavity Resonators

In this paper, for the first time, an ultra-compact frequency-tunable filtering rat-race coupler based on half-mode evanescent-mode (EVA) cavity resonators is presented. Employing EVA cavity resonators in the coupler design yields attractive characteristics, such as a wide tuning range and a wide spurious-free range, while also adding filtering functionality to the device. The presented coupler is synthesized as a two pole bandpass filter using the coupling matrix method. Then, the coupling coefficients are mapped to a coupler topology. Design, simulations, and experimental validation are presented. The implemented rat-race coupler has a very compact size [
$0.14\lambda _{g}\times 0.14\lambda _{g} $
(
$\lambda _{g}$
at 885 MHz)] achieving a 92% miniaturization in the structure footprint compared to the conventional planar one. The coupler has an 86% tuning range ranging between 0.885–1.65 GHz. Throughout the tuning range, the coupler shows an equal power splitting ratio and filtering profile with a measured insertion loss and 3-dB fractional bandwidth between 5 and 4.2 dB and 6.8% and 8%, respectively. The measured isolation is better than 30 dB. In addition, the coupler has a measured spurious-free range of
$10.2f_{o}$
(at the lowest frequency) to
$5.45f_{o}$
(at the highest frequency).