Continuous Evolution and Modern Approaches of Excitation Systems for Synchronous Machines

Field-wound synchronous machines represent the majority of large power generating units and special high-power motor solutions, because they offer high efficiency, flexible field excitation and deep flux weakening capability. In this contribution, we present a comprehensive survey of the modern approaches of excitation systems for synchronous machines. Specifically, the fundamental theory, typical de-excitation methods and excitation equipment topologies. Finally, we describe the latest trends in static, brushless and harmonic exciters, current challenges and future opportunities.