Establishing a New Form of Primary Impedance Standard at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies

This paper investigates the possibility of using layers of graphene to form primary impedance standards for millimeter-wave rectangular metallic waveguide. It is shown that standards with values of
$Y_{0}$
,
$2Y_{0,}$
and
$3Y_{0}$
can be produced by a monolayer, bilayer, or trilayer of graphene, respectively, where
$Y_{0}$
is the characteristic admittance of the waveguide. These standards could then be used in the calibration of vector network analyzers.