Distributed Formal Analysis for Power Networks With Deep Integration of Distributed Energy Resources

A scalable distributed formal analysis (DFA) via reachable set computation is presented to efficiently evaluate the stability of large-scale interconnected power networks under heterogeneous disturbances induced by high penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs). Based on rigorous mathematical derivation, DFA is able to directly compute the boundaries of all possible dynamics and provide stability information, which is unattainable by traditional time-domain simulations or direct methods. An $N+M$ decomposition approach is established to decouple a large-scale networked system and enable distributed reachable set calculations while also preserving the privacy of each subsystem. Numerical examples on a networked microgrid system show that DFA facilitates the efficient calculation and analysis of the impact DER disturbances can have on power network dynamics, which provides a potent means of optimizing the system's operation. Therefore, DFA provides an invaluable tool for designing and operating the interconnected power networks of the future, which will feature the deep integration of DERs.