Levitation Force Computation of HTS/PM System Based on $H$ -Formulation

The levitation system containing high-temperature superconductor (HTS) has great advantages in various applications, but the highly nonlinear properties of HTS limit its practical applications. In this paper, a method to analyze the electromagnetic behaviors of the levitation system which includes HTS bulk and permanent magnets (PMs) is presented. The method is based on the finite-element method combining with H-formulation, which is applicable for 2-D axial symmetric problems that include HTS materials. To deal with the nonlinear properties of HTS bulks, its electric field-current density (E-J) relationship is considered here. In order to verify the validity and accuracy of the method, a simple HTS/PM system model is established which includes a cylindrical HTS bulk and PM. The axial levitation force of the model is computed considering the nonlinear properties of HTS bulk. Moreover, the corresponding experimental results of the system are also obtained and compared with the related simulation results. The comparison shows that the experimental and corresponding simulation results match well.